Cryopreservation of rat MSCs by use of a programmed freezer with magnetic field

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be used for the regeneration of various tissues and cryopreservation of MSCs is so important for regenerative medicine. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influences of cryopreservation on MSCs by use of a programmed freezer with a magnetic field (CAS freezer). MSCs were isolated from bone marrow of rat femora. The cells were frozen by a CAS freezer with 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) and cryopreserved for 7 days at a temperature of −150 °C. Immediately after thawing, the number of survived cells was counted. The cell proliferation also examined after 48 h culture. Next, MSCs were frozen by two different freezers; CAS freezer and a conventional programmed freezer without magnetic field. Then, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiations of cryopreserved cells were examined. As a result, survival and proliferation rates of MSCs were significantly higher in CAS freezer than in the non-magnetic freezer. Alizarin positive reaction, large amount of calcium quantification, and greater alkaline phosphatase activity were shown in both the non-cryopreserved and CAS groups after osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, Oil Red O staining positive reaction and high amount of PPARγ and FABP4 mRNAs were shown in both the non-cryopreserved and CAS groups after adipogenic differentiation. From these findings, it is shown that a CAS freezer can maintain high survival and proliferation rates of MSCs and maintain both adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation abilities. It is thus concluded that CAS freezer is available for cryopreservation of MSCs, which can be applied to various tissue regeneration.     

Robust algorithm for brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) classification based on GARCH variances series

In this paper, a robust algorithm for disease type determination in brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) is presented. The proposed method classifies MRI into normal or one of the seven different diseases. At first two-level two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform (2D DWT) of input image is calculated. Our analysis show that the wavelet coefficients of detail sub-bands can be modeled by generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) statistical model. The parameters of GARCH model are considered as the primary feature vector. After feature vector normalization, principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) are used to extract the proper features and remove the redundancy from the primary feature vector. Finally, the extracted features are applied to the K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and support vector machine (SVM) classifiers separately to determine the normal image or disease type. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm achieves high classification rate and outperforms recently introduced methods while it needs less number of features for classification.     

3.0T磁共振多序列成像对鉴别胰头癌与胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎的应用价值

目的：探讨磁共振多序列成像对鉴别胰头癌与胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎的临床价值及意义。方法：对已确诊的16例胰头癌患者和5例胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎患者的磁共振多序列成像MR进行回顾性分析。主要征象包括：①肿块信号及形态学特点;②胰管及胆管扩张情况;③动态增强的特征;④胰周及大血管受累情况;⑤邻近器官受累与淋巴结肿大情况。检查方法包括：平扫T1WI＋FST2WI＋FS,MRCP,3D—VIBE动态增强扫描。结果：1）肿块形态信号异常：胰头癌与胰头肿块型胰头慢性胰腺炎的信号有较多重叠,在TlwI上均表现为相对低信号,T2WI表现为不均匀稍高、相等或低信号。2）胰管与胆管的异常：胰头癌表现为胰管扩张至肿块处突然截断12例,胆总管突然截断10例,“双管征”10例。胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎胰管扩张3例,2例为串珠样扩张,扩张的胰管可贯通病灶区,胆总管5例均扩张,远端呈短锥形狭窄3例,鼠尾样狭窄2例。3）3D—VIBE强化特征分析结果：随着时间的延长胰头癌强化程度和强化百分率较胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎明显减低。4）胰周大血管受累情况：胰头癌肿块与血管分界不清者8例,部分包绕血管6例完全包绕血管6例;胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎1例与血管分界不清,1例部分被包绕。5）邻近器官受累与淋巴结肿大情况：胰头癌有7例淋巴结肿大主要分布在胰周及腹主动脉旁,胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎,未见明显肿大淋巴结,有四例肾周筋膜增厚,两例肾前筋膜增厚。结论：磁共振多序列成像的联合使用及征象分析,有助于鉴别胰头癌与胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎。     

恒磁场增强心肌梗死大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞移植后心脏功能改善

目的：研究恒磁场对心肌梗死大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞（bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs）移植后心脏功能的影响。方法：取180g,9-12周龄雄性SD大鼠骨髓,以密度梯度离心分离出单个核细胞（MNCs）,于体外培养并传代培养出骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）。制作大鼠心肌梗死模型,将1.5×106BMSCs注射入梗死梗死区周围,分为磁场照射＋BMSCs植入组、BMSCs植入组及空白对照组。4周后处死动物,每组5只大鼠。磁场照射组用0.4 T恒磁场置于心前区30 min,每日1次,共7天。用颈动脉插管法测定心脏功能,Masson三色染色测定梗死面积,VWF VIII染色计算血管密度。结果：与对照组相比BMSCs组以及磁场组均可以显著提高左心室收缩压（LVSP）,dp/dtmax以及-dp/dtmax,减少LVEDP（P〈0.05）。但是,磁场组与BMSCs组相比LVSP,左心室内压最大上升速率（dp/dtmax）以及左心室内压最大下降速率（-dp/dtmax）增高,左心室舒张末压（LVEDP）减少（P〈0.05）。与对照组相比BMSCs组以及磁场组均可以显著提高减少心梗面积（P〈0.05）。磁场组与BMSCs组相比心梗面积减少（P〈0.05）。与对照组相比BMSCs组以及磁场组均可以显著提高增加血管密度（P〈0.05）。磁场组与BMSCs组相比血管密度增加（P〈0.05）。结论：恒磁场具有加强移植BMSCs改善心脏功能的作用。     

Stimuli-Responsive magnetic nanoparticles for monoclonal antibody purification

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are important therapeutic proteins. One of the challenges facing large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies is the capacity bottleneck in downstream processing, which can be circumvented by using magnetic stimuli-responsive polymer nanoparticles. In this work, stimuli-responsive magnetic particles composed of a magnetic poly(methyl methacrylate) core with a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (P(NIPAM-co-AA)) shell cross-linked with N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide were prepared by miniemulsion polymerization. The particles were shown to have an average hydrodynamic diameter of 317 nm at 18°C, which decreased to 277 nm at 41°C due to the collapse of the thermo-responsive shell. The particles were superparamagnetic in behavior and exhibited a saturation magnetization of 12.6 emu/g. Subsequently, we evaluated the potential of these negatively charged stimuli-responsive magnetic particles in the purification of a monoclonal antibody from a diafiltered CHO cell culture supernatant by cation exchange. The adsorption of antibodies onto P(NIPAM-co-AA)-coated nanoparticles was highly selective and allowed for the recovery of approximately 94% of the mAb. Different elution strategies were employed providing highly pure mAb fractions with host cell protein (HCP) removal greater than 98%. By exploring the stimuli-responsive properties of the particles, shorter magnetic separation times were possible without significant differences in product yield and purity.     

磁纳米颗粒标记脂肪干细胞向软骨分化及体外MRI示踪的实验研究

目的:探讨磁纳米颗粒(magnetic iron oxide particles,MIOP)体外标记脂肪间充质干细胞(ASCs)向软骨分化及MRI示踪的可行性。方法:从小鼠脂肪组织中分离培养、扩增脂肪间充质干细胞(ASCs),流式鉴定细胞表型后,分别采用不同浓度(25μg/mL,50μg/mL)的MIOP标记ASCs并向软骨细胞诱导分化。普鲁士蓝染色和透射电镜(TEM)鉴定细胞内磁纳米铁颗粒分布情况,应用3.0T MRI体外检测标记软骨细胞MRI信号。结果:从脂肪组织中可以分离获得大量高表达CD90、CD105、Sca-1的ASCs,不同浓度(25μg/mL,50μg/mL)的MIOP与ASCs共同孵育24小时后,普鲁士蓝染色发现ASCs随MIOP浓度的增加,蓝染程度逐渐加深且标记的ASCs可以向软骨细胞分化;TEM证实细胞内分布大量的黑色纳米铁颗粒。体外MRI T2序列证实随着MIOP浓度(25μg/mL,50μg/mL)的增加MRI信号值逐渐减低且具有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:MIOP可以标记ASCs向软骨分化,体外应用MRI可以对其进行示踪。     

Focus: The Aging Brain: The Significance of the Default Mode Network (DMN) in Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Review

The relationship of cortical structure and specific neuronal circuitry to global brain function, particularly its perturbations related to the development and progression of neuropathology, is an area of great interest in neurobehavioral science. Disruption of these neural networks can be associated with a wide range of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Herein we review activity of the Default Mode Network (DMN) in neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Epilepsy (Temporal Lobe Epilepsy - TLE), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and mood disorders. We discuss the implications of DMN disruptions and their relationship to the neurocognitive model of each disease entity, the utility of DMN assessment in clinical evaluation, and the changes of the DMN following treatment.     

The effect of seasonality upon the development of lotic biofilms and microbial biostabilisation

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Magnetic properties of Tillandsia recurvata L. and its use for biomonitoring a Mexican metropolitan area

Some epiphytic species accumulate airborne particles and are suitable biological indicators for monitoring urban and industrial pollution. The species Tillandsia recurvata L. was studied as a monitor of air pollution in an urban area from Mexico. Individuals were collected in 25 sites which are exposed to different pollution degree and sources.The magnetic particle concentration, particle size, and mineralogy were determined and compared with chemical contents for all samples. The highest values of magnetic concentration dependent parameters were observed in industrial and heavy traffic sites (e.g., mass specific magnetic susceptibility of up to 171.5 × 10⁻⁸ m³ kg⁻¹). In contrast, sites with low or without vehicular traffic reached low values (e.g., mass specific magnetic susceptibility of down to 1.8 × 10⁻⁸ m³ kg⁻¹). The integrated magnetic analysis (King's and Day's plots, remanent magnetization parameters and thermomagnetic measurements) revealed the presence of ferromagnetic minerals, mostly magnetite-like with fine grain sizes (0.1–1 μm) and subordinate presence of high-coercivity minerals. Selected samples were observed by SEM and EDS analysis and revealed the presence of Fe-rich particles, as well as trace elements, among others, As, Sb, S, Cr, Mo, V, Zn, Ba, Hg, Pt and Cu. Most of the elements detected by EDS were also quantified by ICP-MS measurements.Multivariate statistical analyses prove a high correlation between magnetic parameters and elements, as well as allow us classifying sites in clusters (fuzzy c-means clustering) with different pollution degree. These results demonstrate the usefulness of the species T. recurvata L. as a passive pollution monitor, with an affordable and immediate application. This species is abundant not only in Mexico, but also in other cities from America.     

弥散张量成像对脑室周围白质软化患儿术后脑白质恢复的评估作用

目的:研究弥散张量成像(DTI)对脑室周围白质软化(PVL)患儿选择性脊神经后根切除术(SPR)后脑白质恢复的评估价值。方法:选取从2014年1月至2015年8月在新疆医科大学二附院脑瘫中心择期行SPR手术治疗的PVL患儿40例作为观察组,另选同期磁共振成像(MRI)检查正常儿童40例作为对照组,两组分别在手术前后进行DTI检查,比较两组不同部位的部分各向异性值(FA)及表观弥散系数(ADC)。结果:术前观察组不同部位的FA值均显著低于对照组,胼胝体压部的ADC值显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。与术前比较,术后观察组不同部位的FA值均上升,胼胝体压部的ADC值下降,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),且与对照组之间的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:SPR术能够明显控制PVL患儿的病情,且采用DTI成像技术能够客观地反应PVL患儿SPR术后脑白质恢复情况,对辅助临床治疗和预后评估具有重要作用。